Sidney Verba and Norman Nie, Participation in America: Political Democracy and Social Equality. Harper and Row, 1972.

Age

(old-lo SES)

(middle-hi part)

(young-lo residency)

SES Civic POLITICAL

(Education, Orientations PARTICIPATION

income, (pol interest, (voting, campaign,

occupation pol efficacy, contacting,

prestige) information) communal)

RACE

(Blacks-lower SES)

(Blacks-hi race conscious)

Organization Member

(active/multiple org.-

hi pol. partic.)

Party identification

(intense id-hi part)

(Rep-hi part, due to

SES and ideology)